Open Science

Open Science is a new approach to scientific research. Its aim is to strengthen collaboration, both between individual researchers and between other parties and scientists. Open Science makes research more transparent, controllable, faster, more efficient, reproducible and more sustainable. The idea is that civil society organisations, patient organisations, companies and other organisations can all benefit from easy access to scientific research.

The following themes are important spearheads in UM's Open Science policy:

• Recognising and rewarding scientists in a different way
  Currently, scientists are usually judged by the number of scientific papers they have published and the research grants they have acquired. Open Science also stands for recognition and appreciation of other issues such as educational activities, leadership qualities and social impact (more information on this topic can be found here). 

  Changing our system for recognising and rewarding is crucial for bringing about the transition to Open Science.

• Open Access
  This refers to a broad international academic movement promoting free online access to scientific information, such as scientific articles, books and book chapters. In this model, the author or university pays, not the reader, thereby enabling full access to everyone. UM has steadily been increasing its Open Access (OA) percentage and we are aiming for 100% of our published material to become OA (preferably Gold or Diamond OA, with Green OA as a backup, for example through Taverne).
• FAIR data use
  Research data (both quantitative and qualitative) must be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) to maximize the value of our work. The FAIR principles should therefore form the basis of our research data management strategy.
• FAIR software
  It is an umbrella term that includes any piece of code, script, package, tool, library, or programme written or used for research. It therefore applies to research tools, research analyses and virtual research environments. We consider FAIR data and FAIR software as complementary to each other.

• Public engagement
  Often used synonymously with citizen science, it involves engaging the public (both individuals and organisations) in drawing up research questions, conducting research and communicating the results. Specific examples include crowdsourcing, in which citizens are involved in processing of research data, and participatory science, in which participants are involved in steering the direction of the research from problem definition to data collection.

• Open Educational Resources (OER)
  Teaching, learning and research materials in any medium (digital or otherwise) that are released under the terms of an open license, which allows it to be freely used for educational purposes. OER can be any type of educational material and they include Open Access publications. Their scale varies from something as small as a class handout or image to something as large as a textbook or online course.

• Preregistration
  This is the idea that research designs are published before the actual research is carried out. The design is as specific as possible and addresses at least the research questions and analysis plan and, if applicable, the hypotheses and the data or data collection method that will be used for testing. The ultimate goal of preregistration is transparency by enabling a distinction between confirmatory and exploratory analyses.

What can researchers do?

Open Science – it’s basically a matter of doing it. It can be applied in all research phases (e.g. open pre-registration in the preparatory phase, applying citizen science in data collection, publishing open access after the research is completed).

Researchers who want some help on how to apply open science practices can contact advisers within their faculty via the following portals.

• Research Data Management portal
  The Research Data Management portal supports UM researchers making their data FAIR.
• Open Access portal
  You can find all UM information on Open Access publishing and sharing of research output through this portal provided by the University Library
• Open Educational Resources pagina
  UM overview page on Open Educational Resources (OER), educational, learning, and research materials that can be used, created, and reused.

For general questions or comments about Open Science, please contact our Chief Open Science Mariëlle Prevoo or Open Science Officer Dennie Hebels.